Wave and Offshore Wind Resource in the U.S. Pacific Ocean Minor Outlying Islands
Coastal environments such as islands have unique opportunities for renewable energy resources. This work explores the wave and offshore wind energy potential for the U.S. Pacific Ocean Minor Outlying Islands, including Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island. A numerical wave model based on WAVEWATCH III and SWAN (both are NWS / NOAA models) was developed, validated, and executed to generate a 32-year hindcast dataset suitable for resource characterization for each island. A complementary offshore wind resource characterization is provided for the same time period based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5).
Each island has five netcdf files:
1. wave_[island]_annual_J_map.nc: the data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m])
2. wave_[island]_100m_IEC: six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly
3. wave_[island]_5km_IEC: six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly
4. wind_island_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc: wind speed timeseries from ERA5 at 100 m above sea level within a 60 km radius of the island (m/s) 1979/01/01 to 2010/12/31, output hourly
5. wind_island_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc: wind direction timeseries from ERA5 at 100 m above sea level within a 60 km radius of the island (degrees) 1979/01/01 to 2010/12/31, output hourly
Citation Formats
TY - DATA
AB - Coastal environments such as islands have unique opportunities for renewable energy resources. This work explores the wave and offshore wind energy potential for the U.S. Pacific Ocean Minor Outlying Islands, including Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island. A numerical wave model based on WAVEWATCH III and SWAN (both are NWS / NOAA models) was developed, validated, and executed to generate a 32-year hindcast dataset suitable for resource characterization for each island. A complementary offshore wind resource characterization is provided for the same time period based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5).
Each island has five netcdf files:
1. wave_[island]_annual_J_map.nc: the data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m])
2. wave_[island]_100m_IEC: six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly
3. wave_[island]_5km_IEC: six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly
4. wind_island_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc: wind speed timeseries from ERA5 at 100 m above sea level within a 60 km radius of the island (m/s) 1979/01/01 to 2010/12/31, output hourly
5. wind_island_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc: wind direction timeseries from ERA5 at 100 m above sea level within a 60 km radius of the island (degrees) 1979/01/01 to 2010/12/31, output hourly
AU - Yang, Zhaoqing
A2 - Garcia Medina, Gabriel
A3 - Liu, Jinliang
DB - Marine and Hydrokinetic Data Repository
DP - Open EI | National Renewable Energy Laboratory
DO - 10.15473/2203433
KW - offshore wind
KW - wave energy
KW - Pacific Ocean
KW - resource
KW - wave height
KW - wind speed
KW - wind direction
KW - numerical model
KW - ECMWF
KW - ERA5
KW - Baker Island
KW - Howland Island
KW - Jarvis Island
KW - Johnston Atoll
KW - Kingman Reef
KW - Palmyra Atoll
KW - Wake Island
KW - wave
KW - wind
KW - characterization
KW - offshore
KW - South Pacific
KW - Marine Energy Resource Assessment and Characterization
LA - English
DA - 2020/12/31
PY - 2020
PB - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
T1 - Wave and Offshore Wind Resource in the U.S. Pacific Ocean Minor Outlying Islands
UR - https://doi.org/10.15473/2203433
ER -
Yang, Zhaoqing, et al. Wave and Offshore Wind Resource in the U.S. Pacific Ocean Minor Outlying Islands. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 31 December, 2020, Marine and Hydrokinetic Data Repository. https://doi.org/10.15473/2203433.
Yang, Z., Garcia Medina, G., & Liu, J. (2020). Wave and Offshore Wind Resource in the U.S. Pacific Ocean Minor Outlying Islands. [Data set]. Marine and Hydrokinetic Data Repository. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.15473/2203433
Yang, Zhaoqing, Gabriel Garcia Medina, and Jinliang Liu. Wave and Offshore Wind Resource in the U.S. Pacific Ocean Minor Outlying Islands. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, December, 31, 2020. Distributed by Marine and Hydrokinetic Data Repository. https://doi.org/10.15473/2203433
@misc{MHKDR_Dataset_512,
title = {Wave and Offshore Wind Resource in the U.S. Pacific Ocean Minor Outlying Islands},
author = {Yang, Zhaoqing and Garcia Medina, Gabriel and Liu, Jinliang},
abstractNote = {Coastal environments such as islands have unique opportunities for renewable energy resources. This work explores the wave and offshore wind energy potential for the U.S. Pacific Ocean Minor Outlying Islands, including Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island. A numerical wave model based on WAVEWATCH III and SWAN (both are NWS / NOAA models) was developed, validated, and executed to generate a 32-year hindcast dataset suitable for resource characterization for each island. A complementary offshore wind resource characterization is provided for the same time period based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5).
Each island has five netcdf files:
1. wave_[island]_annual_J_map.nc: the data used to generate the map of annual averaged omnidirectional wave power (J [kW/m])
2. wave_[island]_100m_IEC: six IEC parameters at 100m isobath from 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly
3. wave_[island]_5km_IEC: six IEC parameters at 5km from the shoreline 1979/01/01 to 2020/12/31, output hourly
4. wind_island_100mASL_windspeed_timeseries.nc: wind speed timeseries from ERA5 at 100 m above sea level within a 60 km radius of the island (m/s) 1979/01/01 to 2010/12/31, output hourly
5. wind_island_100mASL_winddirection_timeseries.nc: wind direction timeseries from ERA5 at 100 m above sea level within a 60 km radius of the island (degrees) 1979/01/01 to 2010/12/31, output hourly
},
url = {https://mhkdr.openei.org/submissions/512},
year = {2020},
howpublished = {Marine and Hydrokinetic Data Repository, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, https://doi.org/10.15473/2203433},
note = {Accessed: 2025-04-24},
doi = {10.15473/2203433}
}
https://dx.doi.org/10.15473/2203433
Details
Data from Dec 31, 2020
Last updated Nov 18, 2024
Submitted Oct 3, 2023
Organization
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Contact
Lindsay Sheridan
Authors
Keywords
offshore wind, wave energy, Pacific Ocean, resource, wave height, wind speed, wind direction, numerical model, ECMWF, ERA5, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Palmyra Atoll, Wake Island, wave, wind, characterization, offshore, South Pacific, Marine Energy Resource Assessment and CharacterizationDOE Project Details
Project Name Model Validation and Site Characterization for Early Deployment MHK Sites and Establishment of Wave Classification Scheme
Project Lead Bill McShane
Project Number FY23 AOP 2.1.5.601
